Understanding Cholecystitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Cholecystitis?

Cholecystitis means inflammation of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small organ under your liver. It stores bile, which helps digest fat. When the gallbladder becomes swollen or irritated, it can cause pain and other problems. Most often, cholecystitis happens because of gallstones. These are hard pieces that block the flow of bile. Sometimes, infections or injuries can also cause gallbladder inflammation. Both acute cholecystitis (sudden) and chronic cholecystitis (long-term) can affect your health. Early treatment helps prevent serious issues.

Common Symptoms of Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis symptoms can appear suddenly or develop slowly. Recognizing these signs early can help you get the right care. Below are the most common symptoms:

  • Severe pain in the upper right side of the abdomen
  • Pain that may spread to the right shoulder or back
  • Tenderness over the belly when touched
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Fever or chills
  • Loss of appetite
  • Feeling bloated or full
  • Sometimes, symptoms can be mild at first. However, they may get worse if not treated. If you notice these signs, seek medical advice soon.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Most cases of cholecystitis are linked to gallstones. These stones block the tube that carries bile out of the gallbladder. As a result, bile builds up and causes swelling. But, other causes can also lead to gallbladder inflammation. For example, infections, tumors, or injuries may play a role. Certain people are more likely to develop cholecystitis. Here are some common risk factors:

  • Having gallstones
  • Being female
  • Age over 40 years
  • Obesity or rapid weight loss
  • Pregnancy
  • Diabetes
  • Family history of gallbladder problems
  • Although anyone can get cholecystitis, knowing your risks can help you take steps to prevent it.

    How Cholecystitis is Diagnosed

    Doctors use several methods to diagnose cholecystitis. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they perform a physical exam. If cholecystitis is suspected, your doctor may order tests such as:

  • Blood tests to check for infection or inflammation
  • Ultrasound to look for gallstones or swelling
  • CT scan for detailed images of the abdomen
  • HIDA scan to see how well the gallbladder works
  • Early diagnosis helps guide the best treatment. According to the CDC, prompt care can lower the risk of complications.

    Treatment Options for Cholecystitis

    Treatment for cholecystitis depends on how severe the problem is. In many cases, doctors begin with simple steps. These may include:

  • Hospital stay for observation and rest
  • Fasting to rest the gallbladder
  • IV fluids to prevent dehydration
  • Pain relief medicines
  • Antibiotics to treat infection
  • If symptoms do not improve, surgery may be needed. The most common surgery is called cholecystectomy. This means removing the gallbladder. Most people recover well after this operation. However, your doctor will explain the risks and benefits. For chronic cholecystitis, lifestyle changes and regular check-ups may help manage symptoms.

    Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

    While not all cases can be prevented, some steps may lower your risk of cholecystitis. Consider these tips:

  • Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fiber
  • Avoid fatty or fried foods
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Lose weight slowly if needed
  • Exercise regularly
  • Drink enough water each day
  • Making small changes can help keep your gallbladder healthy. If you have a family history of gallstones, talk to your doctor about your risks.

    When to See a Doctor

    Cholecystitis can become serious if not treated on time. At HS Hospital, you should seek medical care immediately if you experience severe or persistent abdominal pain, high fever with chills, yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), or repeated vomiting. Early evaluation and treatment at HS Hospital can help prevent complications such as infection or a burst gallbladder.

    Never ignore severe symptoms—your health and safety come first. For personalised guidance on cholecystitis and the right treatment approach, consult the specialists at HS Hospital.