Ingrown Toenails: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Effective Treatments

What Are Ingrown Toenails?

Ingrown toenails happen when the edge of your toenail grows into the skin beside it. This common problem often affects the big toe. Because the nail digs into the skin, it can cause pain, swelling, and sometimes infection. According to the CDC, anyone can get ingrown toenails, but teens and adults are more likely to have them. Early care can help prevent serious issues.

Common Causes of Ingrown Toenails

Many things can lead to ingrown toenails. For example, cutting your toenails too short or rounding the edges can cause the nail to grow into the skin. Also, wearing tight shoes or socks puts pressure on your toes. Sometimes, an injury or repeated stress on your toes can start the problem. In some cases, your nail shape or family history may play a role.

Trimming toenails too short or curved

Wearing shoes that squeeze your toes

Toe injuries or stubbing your toe

Genetics or naturally curved nails

Poor foot hygiene

Recognizing Symptoms

At first, you may notice mild pain or tenderness along the side of your toe. However, as the nail grows deeper, symptoms can get worse. Watch for these signs:

Redness and swelling near the nail

Pain when you touch or press the toe

Warmth or throbbing in the area

Pus or drainage, which may mean infection

Difficulty walking due to pain

If you see any of these symptoms, early action can help prevent complications.

Diagnosis and When to See a Doctor

Usually, a doctor can diagnose an ingrown toenail by looking at your toe. In most cases, no special tests are needed. However, if you have diabetes, poor blood flow, or signs of infection, you should see a doctor right away. Sometimes, an X-ray may be needed if the problem keeps coming back or if the infection is severe.

See a doctor if:

Pain is severe or getting worse

You notice pus, redness, or swelling

You have diabetes or nerve problems in your feet

Home care does not help after a few days

Treatment Options (Home Care and Medical Procedures)

For mild cases, you can try home care. However, if the nail is infected or very painful, medical treatment may be needed. Here are some ways to treat ingrown toenails at home:

Soak your foot in warm, soapy water for 15-20 minutes, 3-4 times a day

Keep your foot clean and dry between soaks

Gently lift the edge of the nail with a clean cotton piece

Wear open-toed shoes or sandals to reduce pressure

Take over-the-counter pain medicine if needed

If home care does not work, a doctor may:

Remove part of the nail or the skin around it

Prescribe antibiotics if there is an infection

Suggest a minor surgery for repeated problems

According to the WHO, early treatment lowers the risk of serious infection.

Prevention Tips

Preventing ingrown toenails is possible with simple steps. For instance, always trim your nails straight across. Also, avoid cutting them too short. Here are more tips for preventing ingrown toenails:

Wear shoes that fit well and do not squeeze your toes

Keep your feet clean and dry

Change socks daily

Protect your toes from injury

Check your feet often, especially if you have diabetes

Lifestyle and Foot Care Guidance

Good foot care can help you avoid many problems. At HS Hospital, patients are encouraged to wash their feet daily, dry them thoroughly, and moisturise the skin while keeping the areas between the toes dry. Wearing protective footwear during sports, using clean tools to trim nails, and asking for help if you have difficulty seeing or reaching your feet are all important steps. Regular foot checks at HS Hospital are especially essential for older adults and people with diabetes to prevent complications.

If you suspect an ingrown toenail or experience severe foot pain, consult a specialist at HS Hospital for personalised guidance and timely care.